5招拯救男性“更年危机”被更年期困扰怎么办
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| ?? ? ?? | ?? ??: ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????.svg){kind=small} ??? ????  ????? (?? ??)?? ??:  ??? ??? ??? ????? (???) ???? |
| ?? | ?? ??: 44,550,926[a] |
| Demonym | Levantine |
| ?? | ???, ????, ???, ????, ??????, ????, ?????, ????, ???? |
| ??? | UTC+02:00 (EET), UTC+03:00 (FET/AST) |
| ?? ?? | |
???(??: Levant)? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????,[3][4] ??? ????, ?????, ???, ???, ???, ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????. ? ?? ? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???. ?? ?? ??? ???? ???, ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????.[5] ? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????.[2][6][7]
13??? 14?? "Levante"? ???, ?????, ???-?????, ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??, ???? ???? ??? ????.[2] ?? ???? ???-?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???.[2] 15?? ? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????. "???"?? ??? ????? "Levante"?? ?????, ???? ?????? "????"? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???.[2][6] ?? ?? ? ??? ???? "??? ????, ??? ??"[8]??? ??? ?? ?????(??????????)? ??? ??? ?? ??.[9]
??
[??]| ?? | ?? | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 14 | 4,300,000 | — |
| 164 | 4,800,000 | +11.6% |
| 500 | 4,127,000 | ?14.0% |
| 900 | 3,120,000 | ?24.4% |
| 1200 | 2,700,000 | ?13.5% |
| 1700 | 2,028,000 | ?24.9% |
| 1897 | 3,231,874 | +59.4% |
| 1914 | 3,448,356 | +6.7% |
| 1922 | 3,198,951 | ?7.2% |
| Source:[10][11][12][13] | ||
????? ?? ? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ? ?? ??? ?????. ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????. ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???, ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????. ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????, ???, ????, ???, ?????, ?????, ????, ????, ??????? ??.
????? 7??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???. ??? ???? ???? ????(Alawite)? Shia(Twelver ? Nizari Ismaili) ???? ??? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????, 12? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??.
??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???(????? ???), ??? ???, ?? ???(??? ???, ???? ? ???), ?? ???(??), ?????, ???? ????. ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??. ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???-????? ??. ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??.
???? ?? ?? ????? ???, ?????, ????, ????? ??.
?? ? ???? ?? ????(Masjid Al-Aqsa), ?? ??, ????? ??? ?(Western Wall), ?????? ???? ???? ???(Sayyidah Zainab Mosque), ???? ????(Antioch) ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??.
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[??]?? ??
[??]- Gagarin, Michael (2009? 12? 31?), 《Ancient Greece and Rome》 1, Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 247?, ISBN 978-0-19-517072-6
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[??]- ↑ Gagarin 2009, 247?; Encarta 2009, "Levant"; Oxford Dictionaries 2015.
- ↑ ? ? ? ? ? Gagarin 2009, 247?
- ↑ Gasiorowski, Mark (2016). The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa. p. 5: "... today the term Levantine can describe shared cultural products, such as Levantine cuisine or Levantine archaeology". ISBN 081334994X.
- ↑ Steiner & Killebrew, p. 9 ??? 1 11? 2022 - ??? ??: "The general limits ..., as defined here, begin at the Plain of 'Amuq in the north and extend south until the Wadī al-Arish, along the northern coast of Sinai. ... The western coastline and the eastern deserts set the boundaries for the Levant ... The Euphrates and the area around Jebel el-Bishrī mark the eastern boundary of the northern Levant, as does the Syrian Desert beyond the Anti-Lebanon range's eastern hinterland and Mount Hermon. This boundary continues south in the form of the highlands and eastern desert regions of Transjordan."
- ↑ Oxford Dictionaries 2015.
- ↑ ? ? Encarta 2009, "Levant"
- ↑ Pierre-Louis Gatier, E. Gubel, Philippe Marquis. The Levant History and Archaeology in the Eastern Mediterranean, K?nemann, Page 7
- ↑ Naim 2011, 921?.
- ↑ Gagarin 2009, 247?; Naim 2011, 921?;
- Amy Chua (2004), World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability, p. 212;
- Mandyam Srinivasan, Theodore Stank, Philippe-Pierre Dornier, Kenneth Petersen (2014), Global Supply Chains: Evaluating Regions on an EPIC Framework – Economy, Politics, Infrastructure, and Competence: "EPIC" Structure – Economy, Politics, Infrastructure, and Competence, p. 3;
- Ayubi, Nazih N. (1996), Over-stating the Arab State: Politics and Society in the Middle East p. 108;
- David Thomas, Alexander Mallett (2012), Christian–Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History. Volume 4 (1200–1350), p. 145;
- Jeff Lesser (1999), Negotiating National Identity: Immigrants, Minorities, and the Struggle for Ethnicity in Brazil p. 45
- ↑ Mutlu, Servet. “Late Ottoman population and its ethnic distribution”. 29–31?. Corrected population M8.
- ↑ Frier, Bruce W. "Demography", in Alan K. Bowman, Peter Garnsey, and Dominic Rathbone, eds., The Cambridge Ancient History XI: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 827–54.
- ↑ ?:Setton-A History of the Crusades
- ↑ “Syria Population - Our World in Data”. 《www.ourworldindata.org》 (??).
- ???
